GS5304 MKOPA Solar Lighting Programme of Activities - Kenya VPA 1
GS-1365 ↗ · current registry ID: GS5314
#41of 157 in Kenya#606of 1801 in Gold Standard (GS)#20of 72 in AMS-II.I
Audit Analysis
The M-KOPA Solar Lighting PoA in Kenya has a solid additionality foundation (VVB-confirmed investment test) and documented safeguards, but suffers from significant data gaps: no verified ERR figures, no FNRB value, no buffer pool, and reversal events left unaddressed. The 28% gap between assumed (100%) and verified (71.6%) usage rates raises over-crediting concerns, and CORSIA eligibility without a stated CCP position creates dual-channel risk. Multiple contradictions across documents—particularly in ERR figures, monitoring method, and crediting period—reduce confidence in the data record.
Red Flags
- Usage rate assumed at 100% but verified at only 71.6%, implying roughly 28% over-estimation of energy delivered per unit of generation
- Reversal events explicitly 'not addressed' in the verification report and no buffer pool percentage stated, leaving permanence risk unquantified
- CORSIA-eligible with CCP status not stated, creating potential dual-channel crediting risk
- No verified ERR figure available in the extracted record, preventing any claimed-vs-verified comparison
- Leakage treatment inconsistent across documents: 'deemed negligible' in the 2026 verification report versus 'not addressed' in the 2024 verification report
Credit Vintages
| Issued | Retired | Available | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 9,874 | 9,874 | 0 | |
| 2017 | 36,924 | 36,924 | 0 | |
| 2018 | 49,737 | 49,737 | 0 | |
| 2019 | 49,979 | 49,979 | 0 | |
| 2020 | 54,683 | 54,683 | 0 | |
| 2021 | 54,683 | 48,722 | 5,961 | |
| 2022 | 54,683 | 11,737 | 42,946 | |
| 2023 | 20,146 | 0 | 20,146 | |
| 2024 | 17,282 | 0 | 17,282 | |
| Total | 347,991 | 261,656 | 86,335 |
Risk Indicators
VVB-confirmed investment test
mixed evidence / unresolved risk
Deemed negligible, inconsistent across docs
Project-specific, no reassessment date
FPIC, grievance mechanism, benefit sharing
CORSIA-eligible, CCP status unknown
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