GS5304 MKOPA Solar Lighting Programme of Activities – Kenya VPA 4
GS-1368 ↗ · current registry ID: GS5317
#127of 157 in Kenya#1454of 1801 in Gold Standard (GS)#45of 72 in AMS-II.I
Audit Analysis
The M-KOPA Solar Lighting PoA (VPA 4) has a VVB-confirmed investment additionality test and documented safeguards, but suffers from significant gaps in permanence and leakage treatment, a 28% usage-rate over-estimation (assumed 1.0 vs. verified 0.7157), and no verified ERR figure available for cross-checking. Five inter-document contradictions further erode confidence in the data integrity of the credit claims.
Red Flags
- Usage rate assumed at 100% in the monitoring report while the verified rate is only 71.57%, implying a ~28% over-crediting risk if the assumed rate drives the ERR calculation
- Leakage is explicitly 'not addressed' with no deduction percentage stated, despite displaced users potentially reverting to kerosene or grid electricity
- Reversal risk is 'not addressed' and no buffer pool percentage is stated, leaving solar panel failure, theft, or decommissioning unmitigated
- Total ERR verified figure is absent from the extracted record, preventing independent cross-check of the 186,272 tCO₂e claimed
- Five contradictions across documents (ERR figures, usage rate, crediting period, benefit sharing, monitoring method) indicate data reliability issues
Credit Vintages
| Issued | Retired | Available | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 72 | 72 | 0 | |
| 2018 | 11,442 | 11,442 | 0 | |
| 2019 | 23,826 | 23,826 | 0 | |
| 2020 | 52,364 | 50,728 | 1,636 | |
| 2021 | 60,000 | 3,693 | 56,307 | |
| 2022 | 60,000 | 52,699 | 7,301 | |
| 2023 | 56,017 | 0 | 56,017 | |
| 2024 | 55,964 | 0 | 55,964 | |
| Total | 319,685 | 142,460 | 177,225 |
Risk Indicators
VVB-confirmed investment test
mixed evidence / unresolved risk
Not addressed, no deduction stated
Project-specific, no reassessment date
FPIC, grievance mechanism, benefit sharing documented
CORSIA and CCP status not stated
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